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Cómo hacer que su auto dure en 1 millón de millas: Cuidados para el motor

No mucha gente se preocupa en que su vehículo dure un millón de millas, a menos que su trabajo requiere viajar muchas millas por día. Una persona que visita los asilos de ancianos en una determinada región o de estado a estado puede poner cientos de millas en el vehículo todos los días. Una persona que conduce a varias franquicias para revisar el standard de calidad también puede poner cientos de millas en su vehículo todos los días. Para aquellas personas que manejan tanto, podría ser muy fácil de llegar a un millón de millas.

Cuidados para el motor

Los cambios de aceite son muy importantes, ya que las tolerancias entre las partes metálicas móviles en el motor son muy pequeñas. Lo mejor que puede hacer por su vehículo es cambiar el aceite por lo menos en los plazos recomendados por el fabricante; sin embargo, puede ser mejor cambiarlo antes, dependiendo de su forma de conducir. Si maneja en las montañas o recorre muchas millas en su vehículo todos los días, si conduce sobre caminos de grava, o si maneja mucho en carretera o transporta cargas pesadas, es recomendable cambiar el aceite conforme con el programa de “conducción pesada” en el manual del fabricante.

Otras revisiones y cambios de fluidos/líquidos

El aceite es uno de los fluidos más importantes que utiliza su vehículo; sin embargo, hay otros que también son importantes. El líquido de la transmisión mantiene la transmisión lubricada y permite que el sistema hidráulico funcione correctamente. El líquido de dirección asistida lo mantiene funcionando correctamente y también mantiene el piñón y la cremallera lubricado; el líquido de frenos mantiene la presión en el sistema de las pinzas; y el anticongelante, que no sólo protege el motor de la oxidación, pero también previene que sistema de enfriamiento se congele durante el invierno.

Si añade agua directamente al radiador, podrá diluir el anticongelante y, finalmente, tendrá más agua que anticongelante o el 100 por ciento de agua. Esto conduce a la oxidación en el motor y en todas las tuberías de metal utilizadas para el transporte de agua a través del motor o alrededor del motor. En caso de que el agua se congelara en el invierno, podría, como mínimo, reventar los sellos del bloque del motor, o en un daño extremo, reventar el bloque por completo. Durante los meses de invierno, el anticongelante también ayuda a que el agua se mantenga fría.

Es recomendado limpiar el sistema de enfriamiento de su vehículo y reemplazar el anticongelante cada tres años a menos que su vehículo utilice anticongelante de larga duración hecho de aluminio; en dado caso, es posible que pueda limpiar el sistema cada cinco años. Esto depende de la marca de anticongelante y sus hábitos de manejo.

Correas y Mangueras

La revisión de las correas y mangueras es uno de los mantenimientos más importantes que puede hacerle al vehículo. Los vehículos cuentan con una sola correa serpentina, dos o más correas en V o una combinación de las bandas serpentinas y correas trapezoidales. La correa serpentina gira todos los accesorios: el compresor de aire, la bomba de dirección asistida – si no es eléctrica, el alternador y la bomba de agua a no ser que se encuentre debajo del cárter de distribución.

En caso de que la correa que acciona la bomba de agua de reventara, su vehículo comenzará a recalentarse; y esto disminuye la vida útil de su motor o puede hacer que se tenga que reemplazar la junta de culata (el empaque de la cabeza). En algunos casos, un motor recalentado podría incluso deformar cabezas de aluminio.

La Correa de Distribucion

Averigüe si su vehículo tiene una correa de distribución, una cadena de distribución o transmisión de engranajes. Todos ellos tienen diferentes intervalos de tiempo para cuando se necesiten reemplazar. La correa de distribución debe ser cambiada dentro de cada 55,000 a 60,000 millas. Eventualmente, se estirará demasiado – por la edad – y el tensor no será capaz de mantenerlo apretado. Una vez que la correa de distribución se extiende o se rompe, las válvulas podrían golpear los pistones, especialmente si el motor del vehículo es un motor de interferencia. Esto podría resultar en una válvula doblada.

Manténgase al día con el mantenimiento de su automóvil

El programa de mantenimiento de su vehículo está dentro del manual del propietario. Si no puede encontrar su manual, consulte a su concesionario para obtener una copia del programa de mantenimiento de su vehículo. Esté preparado para proporcionar el año, marca, modelo y número de bastidor del vehículo (VIN number). Mientras continúe con el mantenimiento regular de su vehículo, usted tiene una gran oportunidad de conseguir que su auto llegue a un millón de millas.

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